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Critical ReviewNicotine for the Fetus, the Infant and the Adolescent?Westhampton, Massachusetts, USA, khginzel{at}yahoo.com
University of the Western Cape, South Africa
City University, London, UK
Medical University of Vienna, Austria
University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA The recent expansion of Nicotine Replacement Therapy to pregnant women and children ignores the fact that nicotine impairs, disrupts, duplicates and/or interacts with essential physiological functions and is involved in tobacco-related carcinogenesis. The main concerns in the present context are its fetotoxicity and neuroteratogenicity that can cause cognitive, affective and behavioral disorders in children born to mothers exposed to nicotine during pregnancy, and the detrimental effects of nicotine on the growing organism. Hence, the use of nicotine, whose efficacy in treating nicotine addiction is controversial even in adults, must be strictly avoided in pregnancy, breastfeeding, childhood and adolescence.
Key Words: adolescence carcinogenesis fetotoxicity Nicotine Replacement Therapy pregnancy teratogenicity
Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 2,
215-224 (2007) This article has been cited by other articles:
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