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Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health
Socio-economic Status, Stress and Discrimination
David R. Williams
University of Michigan, USA
Yan Yu
University of Michigan, USA
James S. Jackson
University of Michigan, USA
Norman B. Anderson
National Institutes of Health, Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
This article examines the extent to which racial differences in socio-economic status (SES), social class and acute and chronic indicators of perceived discrimination, as well as general measures of stress can account for black-white differences in self-reported measures of physical and mental health. The observed racial differences in health were markedly reduced when adjusted for education and especially income. However, both perceived discrimination and more traditional measures of stress are related to health and play an incremental role in accounting for differences between the races in health status. These findings underscore the need for research efforts to identify the complex ways in which economic and non-economic forms of discrimination relate to each other and combine with socio-economic position and other risk factors and resources to affect health.
Key Words: race • racial bias • social class, socio-economic status • stress
Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 2, No. 3,
335-351 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/135910539700200305
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[PDF]
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S. Thorburn Bird and L. M. Bogart
Birth Control Conspiracy Beliefs, Perceived Discrimination, and Contraception among African Americans: An Exploratory Study
J Health Psychol,
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263 - 276.
[Abstract]
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D. Prothrow-Stith, B. Gibbs, and A. Allen
Reducing Health Disparities: From Theory to Practice
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.,
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D. R. Williams, H. W. Neighbors, and J. S. Jackson
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings From Community Studies
Am J Public Health,
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[Abstract]
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S. Noh and V. Kaspar
Perceived Discrimination and Depression: Moderating Effects of Coping, Acculturation, and Ethnic Support
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[Abstract]
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J. R. Palmer, L. Rosenberg, L. A. Wise, N. J. Horton, and L. L. Adams-Campbell
Onset of Natural Menopause in African American Women
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E. Barbee
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Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,
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B. A. Israel, S. A. Farquhar, A. J. Schulz, S. A. James, and E. A. Parker
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Health Educ Behav,
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K. L. Walters and J. M. Simoni
Reconceptualizing Native Women's Health: An "Indigenist" Stress-Coping Model
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H. Amaro and A. de la Torre
Public Health Needs and Scientific Opportunities in Research on Latinas
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D. R. Williams
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G. C. Gee
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P. J. Moore, N. E. Adler, D. R. Williams, and J. S. Jackson
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Psychosom Med,
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M. T. Schmitt, N. R. Branscombe, D. Kobrynowicz, and S. Owen
Perceiving Discrimination Against One's Gender Group has Different Implications for Well-Being in Women and Men
Pers Soc Psychol Bull,
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B. K. Finch, R. A. Hummer, B. Kol, and W. A. Vega
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Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,
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V. A. Rauh, H. F. Andrews, and R. S. Garfinkel
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L. Comas-Diaz and F. M. Jacobsen
Ethnocultural Allodynia
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E. Rodriguez
Keeping the Unemployed Healthy: The Effect of Means-Tested and Entitlement Benefits in Britain, Germany, and the United States
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H. Amaro, S. M. Blake, P. M. Schwartz, and L. J. Flinchbaugh
Developing Theory-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Programs for Young Adolescent Girls
The Journal of Early Adolescence,
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[Abstract]
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J. N. Laditka and S. B. Laditka
Adult Children Helping Older Parents: Variations in Likelihood and Hours by Gender, Race, and Family Role
Research on Aging,
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[Abstract]
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N. Krieger
Commentary: Society, biology and the logic of social epidemiology
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J. M. Ostrove, P. Feldman, and N. E. Adler
Relations among Socioeconomic Status Indicators and Health for African-Americans and Whites
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