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Journal of Health Psychology
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Illusory Correlations in Patient Stereotyping

Scott F. Madey

Washington University, USA, sfmadey{at}artsci.wustl.edu

Sherri A. Ondrus

University of Toledo, USA

Two experiments document one basis of patient stereotyping: the relative frequency of people’s contact with medical patients. Experiment 1 demonstrated that illusory correlations formed based on the infrequency of target patients and their non-cooperative behaviors. Participants read about two groups of patients with two similar diseases (labelled A and B). One group appeared less often than the other and performed fewer non-cooperative behaviors; however, the proportion of non-cooperative and cooperative behaviors was the same for both groups. Participants overestimated the number of non-cooperative behaviors performed by the infrequently appearing group, evaluated the group negatively and believed that these patients would be unlikely to cooperate in the future. Experiment 2 attempted to address the relationship between illusory correlations and memory for the infrequent group’s non-cooperative behaviors. Implications for how people perceive medical non-adherence in patients with stigmatized medical conditions were discussed.

Key Words: illusory correlation • medical adherence • patient perception • stereotypes

Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 555-559 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/135910539700200411
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[Abstract] [PDF]